Tuesday, May 26, 2020

Up in Arms About Tkam Essay Topics?

Up in Arms About Tkam Essay Topics? The Little-Known Secrets to Tkam Essay Topics Something you have to know is that the journey to better writing is a continuous practice. Below you'll find a set of over 300000 essays which our student friends have given us permission to publish as a way to aid you with your own studies. The question is, in the long run, a silly one, obviously. If you are searching for tips about how to restate a thesis, you have arrived at the perfect spot. Elaborate guide about how to begin an essay After an instructor assigns an essay, among the initial questions that students ask is the best way to begin their essays. If it comes to write engineering essay for those students that are studying in electrical engineering school becomes confused since they are engineers and not the writers. Most students find it challenging to develop a fantastic thesis statement. High school students will need to learn the fundamentals of literary analysis till they attempt more challenging texts. Depending on the sort of essay, it might additionally have a summary which provides a brief of everything that's covered in the essay. Argumentative research papers desire a bit of structure, unlike the normal essays. So, the choice of the topic is most important. Don't forget the type of the question you're answering and don't begin introducing new topics merely to pad out your answer. The body of the essay can be broken into various sub-topics that relate to the principal topic. Someone states a woman was beaten and raped. Describe the outward look of the snow person and the way it changes. In doing that the Piraha language soon started to come easier to him. Also, if you're utilized to cranking out essays at one in the early hours, you've got to stop. When you use a quotation, be confident that you cite the quote so that you don't have issues with plagiarism. In addition, it's critical that you steer clear of any plagiarism. Another mockingbird might be the feared Arthur Radley, who's a second illustration of the way the good is treated. Writing an overview of this specific book is simpler than it would be with many different books since it is famous, and even in case you haven't read it yet, it's still true that you know its central theme racism. When you read a book you adore, you wish to speak about doing it. The book is just one of the best-selling novels to date and the film is still one of the most prosperous films at the box office of all time, which proves that a very good love story is a great love story whatever the medium. Thus, the unexpected book. Whenever you need to earn a decision, everything is as easy as black and white. It's understandable that numerous times in our lives, we like to select the neutral view of things and attempt to understand each side of the debate. If you're still considering selling your own house, you want to make sure to go about things the proper way. Put simply, it doesn't indicate you empathize AND turn the remainder of your reasoning powers off. Locating a good agent is where lots of men and women make a mistake. Without background knowledge and the capacity to understand different points of view, it is simple to be influenced by biased information. The abundance of information easily available on the web has turned each of us into experts in any field we would like. The real key to the intriguing statistic is the word interesting since there are several more statistics which are far from being interesting. It can be hard to go over controversial topics in an entirely unbiased way in order to make students comfortable enough to take their own positions, but that's the modern challenge schools will need to get started tackling. Students won't be hard pressed to produce ideas surrounding, for example, the importance of the rabbits or what Steinbeck is saying about the American Dream. The student may give the particulars of the topics to the firm. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire inexpensive essay rather than writing it themselves.

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Underage Drinking in Australia - 683 Words

Underage drinking is rapidly becoming a widespread matter within Australia. It is considered to be a serious problem not only nationally, but also globally wide. Underage drinking has climbed its way up the ladder to one of the most common forms of substance use. â€Å"The health risks that accumulate over a lifetime from alcohol increase progressively – this means that the more young people drink, the greater the risk† (Windle, Spear, Fuligni, Angold, Drown, Pine, Smith, Giedd, Dahl 2009). Some states within Australia do not have to deal with this problem nearly as much as others. These teenagers are classified as underage drinkers because the national legal drinking age in Australia is 18 years of age – meaning they are still considered to be minors (Australian Alcohol Guidelines, 2009). For the purposes of this essay, the focus will be set on adolescences and alcohol. It will be argued whether parental influence has an impact on teenagers present or future dr inking habits. Some research studies show relation from parental influence and upbringing of a child to underage drinking (Ary, Tildesley, Hops, Andrews 1993). In this study conducted by Ary et al., 173 families with two children were questioned. The object of the examination was to explore the attitudes and beliefs parents were teaching their children about the consumption of alcoholic substances. Within the study a mother, father, sibling and the target teenager undertook a self-assessment to measure their alcoholShow MoreRelatedUnderage Drinking in Australia Essay602 Words   |  3 PagesUnderage drinking is becoming a serious social issue in modern Australia; with 90% of Australian teenagers over 14 that have tried alcohol at least once. Estimates also suggest that half of Australia’s teenagers drink alcohol on a weekly basis. Underage drinking can cause drink driving and unsafe sex if it is misused. Australia seems to be fond of this drug, and find it to be socially acceptable although it is causing the amount of teenage deaths to rise rapidly due to misuse. Heavy use of AlcoholRead MoreEssay on Underage Drinking in Australia642 Words   |  3 Pagesabout 50% of teens 14 and older consume alcohol on a weekly basis. The problem being caused by this deadly drug is that teens under the age of 18 are not complying with the law and are consuming crazy amounts of alcohol on a regular basis. Underage drinking most commonly occurs at parties in which adolescents, without adult supervision usually drink to the point that they become intoxicated. When an individual is intoxicated, they are no longer conscious of what they are doing and this often influencesRead MoreShould the legal age for the consumption of alcohol be increased to 21?863 Words   |  4 Pagesbinge drinking and alcohol related road accidents (Drug Free Australia: 2008). However there are many reasons as to why the legal age for alcohol consumption should not be increased. These include the fact that you ng people will still drink regardless of any age restrictions, ethical issues and because there are other ways that could be more effective in lowering youth binge drinking and alcohol related road accidents. Currently the legal age for the consumption of alcohol is Australia is eighteenRead MoreAlcohol Essay1160 Words   |  5 Pagesalcohol in Australia is becoming a problem, and because of irresponsible and callous drinking, Australia is in need of a more mature drinking culture. The main points in this essay discuss the issues concerning irresponsible drinking amongst teens.They include the effects of alcohol on the adolescent brain, accidents involving underage drinkers and teens delaying the consumption of alcohol for as long as possible. This essay argues that because underage drinking is becoming an epidemic in Australia, weRead MoreThe Minimum Legal Drinking Age939 Words   |  4 Pagesadolescents and early adults’ drinking culture in worldwide. Australia has also great concerns about early initiating alcohol misuse and risky level of drinking pattern among young population. Consequently, the Minimum legal drinking age law is one of major alcohol control enforcement legi slation to prevent alcohol related harms among adolescents ( Wechsler and Nelson, 2010, p.985). Recently Western Australia which is the second heaviest alcohol consumption state in Australia and internationally numberRead MoreThe Drinking Age Should Remain 18 in Australia1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Drinking Age Should Remain 18 Years Old in Australia The Drinking Age Should Remain 18 Years Old in Australia These days there are a number of social issues in the community, such as drug abuse, teenage pregnancy and alcohol abuse. Alcohol abuse is rampant in today’s society, Australian Drug Foundation states that, â€Å"Alcohol is the most widely used psychoactive, or mood-changing, recreational drug in Australia.†(Healey, 2002, p. 11). Underage drinking and binge drinking are some of the problemsRead MoreEssay Titled Mothers against Drunk Driving,710 Words   |  3 Pagesviolent crime and prevent underage drinking. MADDs work has saved nearly 300,000 lives to date ADDIN EN.CITE Fell J.C.19959(Fell J.C. data, 1995)9910Fell J.C., NHTSA FARS dataC.N. Kloeden,A. J. McLean Whats New in Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety in the U.S.? National Highway Traffic Safety Administration13th Conference, International Council on Alcohol, Drugs and Traffic Safety, ICADTS, NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit329-335 T95,1995University of Adelaide, Australia( HYPERLINK l _ENREF_2Read MoreExamin ation Of Drinking Habits And Motives Of Collegiate Student-1378 Words   |  6 PagesArticle #1 Taylor, Elizabeth A., et al. Examination of drinking habits and motives of collegiate student- athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Management, vol. 9, no. 1, 2017, p. 78+. Academic OneFile, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=AONEsw=wu=kaea136v=2.1id=GALE%7CA48002999 0it=rasid=b0f90d6060160db2d2158297e68d58b9. Accessed 29 Mar. 2017. Summary: Author, Elizabeth A. Taylor, Rose Marie Ward, and Robin Hardin were all professors. Elizabeth A. Taylor completed the requirements for her Ph.DRead MoreMadd s Death Against Drunk Driving1297 Words   |  6 Pagesof MADD as stated in its Articles of Incorporation were â€Å"To aid the victims of crimes performed by individuals driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, to aid the families of such victims and to increase public awareness of the problem of drinking and drugged driving. In 1984, MADD changed its name from Mothers Against Drunk Drivers to Mothers Against Drunk Driving. This carefully considered change was made because MADD is opposed to the criminal act of drunk driving, not individuals. MADDRead MoreThe Dangers Of Driving Under The Influence Of Alcohol And Drugs Along With Texting While Driving861 Words   |  4 Pagesrelated to drinking in certain ethnic and racial groups. Additionally, it covers alcohol-related health problems and biological pathways associated with alcohol. Lastly, this journal is useful towards discussing the possible causes regarding issues related to drinking as well as its consequences on health and behavior. Hanes, M. (2012). Effects and Consequences of Underage Drinking. Juvenile Justice Bulletin, 1-12. NCJ 237145 This report discusses the health consequences of underage drinking and alcoholism

Friday, May 15, 2020

With a Psychology Degree, Coalition Fights for Expanded Scope of Practice for Healthcare Professionals 2019

In response to the American Medical Associations recent Scope of Practice Initiative, 33 organizations of licensed healthcare professionals have joined together to form the Coalition for Patients Rights. According to CPR, the AMA initiative was formed to limit patients access to their choice of healthcare professionals. It has the potential to severely limit the scope of practice for professionals who have earned their Master of Science in Psychology and intend to practice in the field of healthcare. CPR defines scope of practice as the range of health care-related activities and services which a healthcare professional is educated, certified or licensed to provide. For example, a psychiatrist who has completed medical school can legally prescribe medications, whereas a professional with a Master of Science in Psychology may not prescribe medication in most states. Limiting the scope of practice of qualified health practitioners can significantly reduce patients access to proper care. A recent article in Monitor on Psychology noted that the average wait to see a psychiatrist in the state-run health insurance system TennCare is twelve weeks. Allowing those patients to see a healthcare professional with a Master of Science in Psychology or a PhD in Psychology instead could dramatically cut down wait times, thereby improving patient care. .u2810fe7b3ea632d1dd3c2a3c10fdf26f { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u2810fe7b3ea632d1dd3c2a3c10fdf26f:active, .u2810fe7b3ea632d1dd3c2a3c10fdf26f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u2810fe7b3ea632d1dd3c2a3c10fdf26f { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u2810fe7b3ea632d1dd3c2a3c10fdf26f .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u2810fe7b3ea632d1dd3c2a3c10fdf26f .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u2810fe7b3ea632d1dd3c2a3c10fdf26f:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Considering an online Graphic Design degree Discover what it takes to compete.It is interesting to note that organized psychiatry resisted the ability of graduates with a Master of Science in Psychology to see patients independently in the 1960s and 1970s. The scope of practice for psychologists has been expanding over the decades and has even grown to include the permission to prescribe medication in Louisiana and New Mexico. This is an exciting trend for the profession of psychology and even better news for patients who cannot afford the services of a psychiatrist. The demand for professionals with a Master of Science in Psychology is expected to grow faster than other professions through the year 2018, according to the U.S. Department of Labor. Individuals who are emotionally stable, compassionate, able to communicate effectively, and capable of leading people are most likely to succeed in the profession. Many aspiring professionals are choosing to attend distance education programs in order to maintain current responsibilities while completing coursework. Advances in technology have allowed schools such as Capella University to offer a variety of high quality, specialized programs in areas such as their Master of Science in Clinical Psychology, Counseling Psychology, and General Psychology. Prospective students are encouraged to visit College-Pages.com for a complete list of available programs. .u5149d66fcfa23047436e6f66f6ee1876 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u5149d66fcfa23047436e6f66f6ee1876:active, .u5149d66fcfa23047436e6f66f6ee1876:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u5149d66fcfa23047436e6f66f6ee1876 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u5149d66fcfa23047436e6f66f6ee1876 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u5149d66fcfa23047436e6f66f6ee1876 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u5149d66fcfa23047436e6f66f6ee1876:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Earning Your Masters of Business Administration Degree OnlineRelated ArticlesGenetic Counseling A Novel Career Option for those in Pursuit of a Master of Science in PsychologyMaster of Science in School Psychology Preventing Depression in School-Aged ChildrenThe American College of Healthcare ExecutivesOnline Education Options in HealthcareGreat-West Health Care Gets Great RatingsChoosing a Good Health Care Plan

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Essay on A Conspiracy Phenomenon Alien Abductions in the...

Alien abduction stories have always held a strong interest among people all over the world, captivating our attention and curiosity as they propose yet another unsolved mystery of gigantic proportions and unthinkable consequences for humanity to contemplate. More so in modern times, and especially in the western world, where the media is a more significant part of culture, many science fiction novelists and screen writers brought out the issue to the public in the form of entertainment. This, due its widespread appeal, gave these stories a certain level of credulity among the masses, and sparked curiosity for closer investigation. Conspiracy theories about alien abductions vary from the almost plausible-that the government allows†¦show more content†¦Part of the credibility of the conspiracy theories surrounding alien abductions is the similarity of the detailed accounts from abductees, even from those who were not notably interested in the phenomena before their experience. (page 167, Bullard) In fact the narratives are so recurrently similar that they can be analysed into types in which certain story elements always occur. The most familiar of these is the Physical Abduction where the victim feels tranquillized of cannot move and is taken placidly aboard an alien spaceship, usually by means of a tractor beam or inter-dimensional gate. A somewhat different experience is the Bio-extraction Method whereby aliens absorb bio-energy or consciousness by means of a blue-white beam of penetrating light. Occasionally their conscious is inserted into another body. A similar abduction type is the Lucid Dr eams in which the victim experiences a dream created by the aliens containing telepathic messages or images. On waking the victim sometimes glimpses a white light emanating from the ceiling, which vanishes at the conclusion of the dream. The commonality of experience such as similar descriptions of the aliens, procedures and implants is disquieting for some, especially with the number of such reports growing ever more frequent and numerous. (page 26, Southwell and Twist) Alien abductions and the

Analyse Faulks presentation if friendships and love...

Analyse Faulks’ presentation of friendships and love affairs in Birdsong, showing which relationships and love affairs had the greatest impact on your understanding of the novel. One of the most significant relationships, if not the most, is the friendship between Jack Firebrace and the main character, Stephen Wraysford. This is because Jack remains a constant in Stephen’s war life which contrasts with all the other relationships with the men Stephen makes as he suffered the loss of many of them. The first time Jack and Stephen meet is also the first time the reader sees Stephen in the war. Stephen is described as having a ‘cold’ voice which contrast to how compassionate the reader has seen him with Isabelle. This is significant as the†¦show more content†¦The structure of Part 2, 4 and 6 was interesting as most of the chapters begin in Jack’s point of view of Stephen which is a narrative technique Faulks has used to show the relationship being conjured and that the lives of these two men are bound. Jack’s admiration for Stephen is further shown on page 372 where he cannot remember what his son, John’s, face s o he has ‘taken to drawing Stephen instead’ which also shows his importance in his life. After Michael Weir’s death he and Stephen become closer, as one relationship breaks down another solidifies as they have both lost so many people so they gravitate towards each other. When Stephen and Jack are the only ones to survive a blast underground Jack shows he feels guilty when he says ‘The one supposed to get you back safe’ he feels he has doomed Stephen by escorting him underground. On page 451 their relationship has come so far they abandon the hierarchy and Jack starts to call him Stephen. This links back to Part 2 where ‘they were allowed to speak without deference to the officers’ while they were underground to help cope with how difficult the conditions were, Stephen and Jack are just two human beings trying to survive, the side of the war you are on doesn’t matter underground when you have ‘several hundred thousand tons o f France above’ your head. When Jack dies moments after they hear a ‘rescue party’ Stephen feels ‘bitterly alone’ as he was powerless to stop Jack’s death and now has no

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility Wesfarmers

Question: Describe about the Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility for Wesfarmers. Answer: Introduction: This particular study has provided an in-depth understanding and knowledge for assessing and comparing the sustainability report of Wesfamers. The overarching term sustainability can be defined in three perspectives that include environmental, economic and social. Environmental sustainability implies maintaining the rates of environmental resources by maintaining pollution, harvest and non-renewable resources. Economic sustainability indicates the ability to maintain economic growth and production. On the other hand, social sustainability implies on maintaining the social systems for the well-being of society. In order to make an organizational image and reputation in various geographical areas, every business organization has to take a major concern on maintaining sustainability report. This particular study has focused to deal with an effective comparative analysis on the sustainability report of Wesfamers between the year 2014 and 2015 (wesresources.com 2016). Wesfamers is one of the recognizable companies of Australia occupying a predominant place in the realm of conglomerate industry. This particular organization is possessed with large number of sections such as retail sector, chemicals and fertilizers, coal-mining industry and so many. In order to survive in the market effectively with the current needs and demands of the customers, maintaining sustainability practice is highly important. While preparing the sustainability report the company would like to follow GRI G4 guideline of government. As per the GRI G4 guideline, the organization should make their sustainability report in such a way that it should be easily accessible and available for the viewers. Report on sustainability (based on report of 2014 and 2015) As per the sustainability report, it can be evaluated that Wesfamers is very much concerned about the identifying the stakeholders and making an effective stakeholder analysis (Arjalis and Mundy 2013). Stakeholders play a major role in rendering the success of a business organization and maintaining a long-term business process as well. The particular page our data is completely based on the five years database of the entire social activities of Wesfamers. This particular section has been included in the sustainable report of this organization. The data that has been primarily pointed out in this page include a detailed record of injury, the frequency rate of injury, the contribution of community for the development of firm, the percentage of emission of greenhouse gas and so on. As per the sustainable report, provided in the year 2014, it has been pointed out that the total number of injuries happened within the organization was 5. In different kinds of issues like health and safety issues, issues of benefits and facilities the employees intend to claim compensation (Ball, Grubnic and Birchall 2014). The report of 2014 says that total 13 employees of Wesfamers had claimed compensation for the sake of these reasons. Moreover, the contribution on behalf of the community was .24 in total. On the other hand, the overall report of 2015 is quite positive and effective. The record says that the total number of injuries in 2015 was stick to 4.2. Therefore, number of injuries had been decreased up to .8 in comparison to the 2014. On the other hand, number of employees who has claimed for compensation as per the report of 2015 includes 11. Therefore, the report says that the number of employees claiming for compensation had also been decreased (Ballou et al. 2012). At the same time, it is undeniable that the total contribution of the community towards Wesfamers had been decreased to .12. As per the evaluation of sustainable development, it has been observed that Wesfamers has made an improvement within the business process in comparison to the year 2014. It cannot be denied at the same time that the sustainability report has faced some of the major negative aspects at the same time due to the several reasons (Barkemeyer, Holt, Preuss and Tsang 2014). The level of greenhouse gas emission in the year 2014 was 627 at the same time it has been decreased to 569 in 2015. As per the sustainability report of 2014 and 2015, the current progress of business as well as the business development has been emphasized. In addition, the way of business progress in 2015 in comparison to the year 2014 has been discussed clearly in this particular study. Comparison on Wesfamers Comparison of Sustainability Report Division Sub-division 2014 2015 Economy The total economic contribution of Wesfamers towards the society has clearly mentioned in the sustainable report of 2014. The sustainable report says, Wesfamers has spent $62349 for the sake of operating revenue and sales (wesresources.com 2016). The employee wages has also become a major concern for this particular organization. The company has spent $7787 for the category of employee wages and finally $1880 has been kept for maintaining government tax policies (Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer 2014). The sustainability report of 2015 implies that $7830 has been spent due to the employee wages. As per this particular data, it is clear and evident that Wesfamers is able to spent better employee wages in comparison to the previous year. The revenue growth has been increased certainly due to which the organization is able to provide better salary package to the employees (Beckmann, Hielscher and Pies 2014). In addition, $1578 million revenue has been spent for the government taxes as per the sustainability report of 2015 (wesresources.com 2016). Environment The report of 2014 says that carbon emission had been decreased to 4.1 percent lower rather than the previous year. Therefore, it is quite evident and clear that the company has maintained the environmental sustainability very effectively. As per the report of 2015, it has been observed that 37 percent carbon emission has been reduced in last five years. As a result, the organization has maintained an effective sustainability practice on environment effectively (Benn, Dunphy and Griffiths 2014). GRI guideline has mentioned that the sustainability report should be provided in such a way that people would not have to struggle in order to understand the level of business growth. Social Human rights In order to run the entire process of business effectively this particular organization has implemented some of the major plans and policies. The policies include health and safety act, right to information act, data protection act and so many. The employees have the right to get necessary facilities and benefits from the organization at the time of any kind of health issue (Boiral 2013). Employees should have the equal right to get an in-depth knowledge and information regarding any information related to the business. In addition, data protection act implies that people should never leak any data and information in front of the third party without the permission of that particular individual. These kinds of acts and regulation are both applicable for both the employees and the employers. In the report of 2015, two more acts and regulations have been implemented. The regulations include anti-discrimination acts and low employee health and safety act. With the help of anti-discrimination act, people from various geographical boundaries would be treated with equal respect and dignity (Boons and Ldeke-Freund 2013). Not a particular religion, culture, or gender would be entertained within the organization. Society In 2014, the company has provided relevant information on how the Wesfamers has maintained community relation in order to maintain the organizational image and reputation effectively. Along with maintaining community relation, this particular organization has added two or more social compliances more effectively in order to stretch the entire process of business in various geographical areas. Corporate Social Responsibility is the major initiative taken by Wesfamers due to which the organization has maintained their sustainability process more effectively (Boons et al. 2013). In addition, corporate social responsibility is fruitful for both the customers as well as the organization. Product responsibility As per the report of 2014, this particular organization is able to provide quality products to the customers so that they can easily rely on the product quality of Wesfamers. The 2015 sustainability report says that organization would like to organize effective events in order to deal with the customers effectively (Christofi, Christofi and Sisaye 2012). Customers before purchasing a specific product and services, like to get an overall overview regarding the reliability of products and services with the help of effective promotional tools (Crane, Matten and Spence 2013). As a result, the organization has received a large number of positive responses from the customers of different geographical boundaries. Accessibility of report After evaluating an in-depth analysis on the sustainability report of two years, it can be stated that the overall report is possessed with an essay format that helps the analysts to understand and evaluate necessary data and information effectively. Based on the report of 2014, it can be stated that the report was primary concerned with the social responsibilities and product responsibilities (Dagiliene 2015). In addition, the report of 2014 was not very much concerned on presenting the report with the help of graphical representations. As a result, the analysts had to face innumerable difficulties in evaluating the data and information effectively. On the other hand, the report of 2015 has taken graphical representation as their matter of concern. Graphical representation enhances the scope of an individual in order to understand the data effectively and to evaluate data based on the level of understanding (de Grosbois 2012). In addition, while dealing with the graphical representation, the data analysts had understood at a glance about the overall scenario of business growth (Dhaliwal et al. 2012). Part B: The sustainability report of company and comparison written on two countries Introduction: This particular part has provided a deep insight regarding the sustainability report that is published by Fuji Xerox. An in-depth comparative analysis would be conducted between the year 2014 and 2015 (Fujixerox.com 2016). Fuji Xerox is a popular company occupying a predominant all over Tokyo. This particular organization primarily aims to provide xerographic documents in various countries of the World. Fuji Xerox has also followed G4 guidelines at the time of preparing this particular sustainability report. This particular report has also focused to highlight the importance of making sustainability report at the end of every year. Sustainability report is the summary of overall performance of a business organization. Customers even before using a particular product and services from a specific organization, tends to get an overall idea about the sustainability record for understanding the reliability on products and services. Assessing report on sustainability It can be evaluated following on the G4 guidelines that the entire report of Fuji Xerox has maintained an overall transparency entirely so that both the internal and the external stakeholders do not have to struggle in order to understand the analysis of entire report (Dubois and Dubois 2012). Any kind of complication as well as confusion within the business report may hamper the relation of internal as well external stakeholders. As per this particular sustainability report, the viewers have received a clear and in-depth analysis on how society, economy and environment have a major contribution for rendering the success of a business organization (Ehnert and Harry 2012). While providing the financial statement, the report has mentioned on how this particular organization has implemented numerous plans and policies within the business organization with the help of which people would get a better feedback from the customers as well as from their employees. The organization likes to maintain a professional relation with the stakeholder by following participative leadership style at the workplace (Epstein and Buhovac 2014). With the help of participative leadership style, both the employers and the employees can take an effective decision-making. Business managers of this particular company never tend to impose any kind of decision on the mind of employees (Fernandez-Feijoo, Romero and Ruiz 2014). While making a business strategy, both the employees and the employers like to make a collective decision based on which employees get an enthusiasm for providing effective services to the customers. In addition, in order to maintain an effective business relation with the employees, the business managers like to make an effective interpersonal relation with every individual performer (Ganescu 2012). The managers tend to know the problems and difficulties an employee has to face within the business organization. Managers like to create a friend ly environment within the business organization so that employees do not feel hesitated for sharing views and opinion with the business managers. The sustainable report says that this particular company has expanded the entire process of business in 21 locations all over the World. In every location, the organization has followed eco-system for maintaining an ecological balance throughout the environment. While establishing the financial report the report has emphasized to focus on improving the supply chain management (Hahn and Khnen 2013). Supply chain management. Supply chain management is one of the most effective ways of maintaining a balance between supply and demand of a product. Therefore, customers show their interest in using the service of particular business organization only when they would be able to receive the product within time. The supply chain management of this particular company is still restricted to the off line procedure. The use of advancement technology within this process is rare (Hk, Moldan and Dahl 2012). This is one of the most important reasons, due to which the company has to suffer in making t heir revenue growth in last five years. The transportation system on the other hand should also be improved so that the customers can get an in-depth knowledge about the status of their products (Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). Maintaining a telecommunication is the only way based on which the customers can get effective feedback about the service of their products. Technology should be used properly so that customers can make an effective communication with the supply chain managers. Fuji Xerox has published the sustainability report in Japan. This particular sustainability report has the company immensely for fulfilling the current needs and demands of the customers. In order to satisfy the local customers the organization has taken into consideration some of the major plans and policies of sustainability (Jensen and Berg 2012). Among those important sustainable policies, community relation and corporate social responsibility are the most prominent. As per the concept of community relation, the organization tends to provide some additional benefits and facilities to the community either by reducing the product cost or by recruiting the employees from community. This particular policy helps the organization immensely for surviving in the regional market effectively (Joung et al. 2013). In order to survive in the market, the business organization has to focus on satisfying the needs and desires of regional market where the organization is currently situated. This particular company is not exceptional to that. Establishing their entire process of business in 21 locations of the World, this particular organization is able to maintain an effective community relation in the regional market (Junior, Best and Cotter 2014). As a result, the company is successfully maintaining an effective organizational image and reputation throughout the years. Corporate social responsibility is another major pathway for rendering the success of a business organization. Fuji Xerox report of 2015 says that CSR activity is one of the major sources of maintaining social sustainability for a business organization (Kiron et al. 2012). This particular company while maintaining CSR activities intended to take an active participation in various agendas of government such as higher education program, basis training program, HIV campaign, against child labor and so many. In addition, in order to treat every employee with equal respect and dignity, this company has implemented diversity culture within the process of business (Lee and Saen 2012). As a result, employees are recruited within organization from different cultures and background. This kind of initiative is truly helpful to maintaining organizational image and reputation. Comparison on Fuji Xerox4 Division Sub-division 2014 2015 Economy The report of 2014 says that the company has spent 47% money for the development of office. Office development implies improvement of advanced technology, increasing the number of physical resources, enhancing the workforce and so many. Apart from investing money in office equipment, the organization has spent money 24% in global services and 17% in product services (fujixerox.com. 2016). As per the report of Fuji Xerox, it has been observed that the company has invested 13.2% for the production services. Production services include quality of product, product packaging and carrying cost. It has been observed that the company has spent less for production services than the previous year. 15.7% has been allotted for global services. The organization has already spread the demand in multinational countries (fxasustainability.com 2016). Therefore, the transportation system controlled by the supply chain managers is very strong. As a result, the company has easily entered into the global market. In addition, 16.1% money has invested for office purpose. By investing this money, the company is able to develop the quality of official equipment. Environment The environmental report of 2014 has stated that the company has taken environmental management system in order to keep a constant control on ecology (Manetti and Toccafondi 2012). As a result, the people do not have to face environmental pollution massively. The environmental sustainability report of 2015 has pointed out that environmental system has controlled the process of emission of waste material. As a result, eco-system has been balanced in a better way. Social Human rights As per the 2014 sustainability report, it is clear that employee of every culture and background within the organization is possessed with equal respect and dignity (Milne and Gray 2013). Both the employees and the employers can use some of the major regulations and acts within the business organization for maintaining organizational image and reputation. The report of 2015 is more concerned on the right of the workers as well as on the external stakeholders. External stakeholders imply government, customers, suppliers, shareholders and so on. In order to render the success of a business organization, the role of organizational employees is highly important (Prez and Del Bosque 2012). The employee performance would be successful only when they would get necessary facilities and benefits from the business managers. Society The implementation of corporate social responsibility becomes the primary concern of this particular organization. It has been observed that people from different geographical boundary would like to show their interest for purchasing products and services from a particular business organization only when the organization is involved with immense social responsibilities such as taking sponsorship for running sports club, maintaining hospital or health care center for the sake of organizational image and reputation (Slack 2012). At the same time, these kinds of initiatives are beneficial for the business of people in general as well. In order to appreciate the flawless endeavor of organizational employees, the company liked to arrange a reward ceremony where the best employees had been awarded. This kind of social deeds truly inspired on employee motivation (Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen 2012). In addition, the people who had been going through under-performance for a several times get immense motivation by observing the best performers lifting best employee award in their hand. In addition, reward ceremony motivates the employees for maintaining organizational culture and behavior at the workplace (Smith 2012). The internal organization behavior and discipline of Fuji Xerox is highly effective for motivating the employees for providing best services towards reaching the business goal. Product Responsibility As per the sustainability report of 2014, Fuji Xerox has concentrate to enhance the quality of product by emphasizing on effective group performance rather the individual performance. A team bonding is necessary for providing a good quality of product to the customers. Only one effective performance of an individual is not very much effective for rendering organizational success. Before making a particular product, the organization is more concerned on the current market demand. With the changing progress of civilization the needs and demands of the customers are changing gradually. Therefore, providing innovative ingredients as well as effective designs are one of the major ways of maintaining product responsibility. Factors that influence on making sustainability report After evaluating the sustainability report of Fuji Xerox, it has been observed that both the two companies have presented their sustainability report on two ways due to the different cultures of Australia and Japan. While making the report both the two companies have followed GRI G4 guideline. Instead of that, the way of approach in preparing the two sustainability is different from each other. Wesfamers is more concerned on graphical representation in order to get the appropriate data at a glance. On the other hand, the report of Fuji Xerox is primarily concerned on the critical analysis of various business aspects. Some of the major factors highly influence on making the sustainability report. The factors are as follows: Power distance: This is the cultural dimension model established by Hofstede. Organizations intend to distribute power by maintaining an organizational hierarchy. As per the culture of Australia, the organizations like to distribute the power based on experience and days of work. On the other hand, in Japan power is distributed as per level of performance. Individual vs. Collectivism: Japan believes in collective performance rather than concentrating on the performance of an individual. On the other hand, Australia strictly focuses on the performance of every individual. Uncertainty avoidance: In order to handle any kind of uncertain situation the Japanese have lagged the Australian behind. Australia has scored 51 whereas the score of Japan in uncertainty avoidance is 92. The record says that the organizations of Japan can handle any kind of uncertain situation more skillfully than the business organizations of Australia. Masculinity vs. femininity: Japan is based on masculine dominated society. This particular concept has a major impact on the business organizations as well. While recruiting an individual employee, Japan organizations prefer to select male candidate rather than the female employees. In addition, the female employees at the workplace have to face immense challenges in order to hold a higher position despite having skills and competencies (Willard 2012). On the other hand, as per the culture of Australia both the male and female get equal respect and dignity at the workplace. Long-term orientation vs. short-term orientation: Most of the business companies of Australia believe on long-term business strategy. The marketing plans and polices that have been prepared for making promotional activities are very much long-term for maintaining sustainability. On the other hand, Japan tends to change business strategies and policies within the changing tastes and demands of the current market. Based on that different cultural dimension, the sustainability report has been reflected in two different ways. Part C: Recommendation and conclusion This particular study has provided an in-depth understanding about the importance of sustainability report for maintaining organizational image and reputation. In this specific assignment, an effective comparison has been provided in the sustainability report based on the year 2014 and 2015. After evaluating an effective comparative analysis, it has been observed that the organizational culture of Australia and Japan differs from each other. While reflecting a sustainability report, the different ways of approaches of both Wefamers and Fuji Xerox have been clearly pointed out. Wesfamers sustainability report is more concerned on graphical representation. On the other hand, the report of Fuji Xerox has focused to deal with critical data analysis. However, after evaluating the entire sustainability report of two countries some of the major recommendations can be taken into consideration. The recommendations are as follows: In case of Fuji Xerox, the company should focus on graphs and charts more effectively so that the viewers can get an overall knowledge and experience without going through the entire report At the same time, along with maintaining an effective graphical presentation, Wesfamers should focus on data analysis more effectively. Only graphical presentations are not sufficient to get an in-depth analysis of the organizational activities and agendas. Therefore, graphs should be presented in simple lucid language so that people do not have to struggle for understanding the activities of organization. Part D: Reflective journal on personal development After evaluating, the two sustainable reports of two separate companies I have gained sufficient knowledge and experience on how a particular organization should make sustainable report properly. Sustainability is highly important for rendering organizational image and reputation. In order to draw the attention of customers and to gain the product reliability, the business organization should sustain for several times first so that people in general can be acquainted with the name of organization. However, I have come across two types of sustainable business reports of Wesfamers and Fuji Xerox. While evaluating the two reports I have come to know the organizational culture and values of two different countries. I have also gained an in-depth knowledge and experience about corporate disclosures and corporate governance ethics and practices of two different organizations. Reference List: Arjalis, D.L. and Mundy, J., 2013. The use of management control systems to manage CSR strategy: A levers of control perspective.Management Accounting Research,24(4), pp.284-300. Ball, A., Grubnic, S. and Birchall, J., 2014. 11 Sustainability accounting and accountability in the public sector.Sustainability accounting and accountability, p.176. Ballou, B., Casey, R.J., Grenier, J.H. and Heitger, D.L., 2012. Exploring the strategic integration of sustainability initiatives: Opportunities for accounting research.Accounting Horizons,26(2), pp.265-288. Barkemeyer, R., Holt, D., Preuss, L. and Tsang, S., 2014. What happened to the developmentin sustainable development? Business guidelines two decades after Brundtland.Sustainable Development,22(1), pp.15-32. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014.Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Beckmann, M., Hielscher, S. and Pies, I., 2014. Commitment Strategies for Sustainability: How Business Firms Can Transform Trade?Offs Into WinWin Outcomes.Business Strategy and the Environment,23(1), pp.18-37 Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Boiral, O., 2013. Sustainability reports as simulacra? A counter-account of A and A+ GRI reports.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,26(7), pp.1036-1071. Boons, F. and Ldeke-Freund, F., 2013. Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.9-19. Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J. and Wagner, M., 2013. Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, pp.1-8. Christofi, A., Christofi, P. and Sisaye, S., 2012. Corporate sustainability: historical development and reporting practices.Management Research Review,35(2), pp.157-172. Crane, A., Matten, D. and Spence, L.J., 2013. Corporate social responsibility in a global context.Chapter in: Crane, A., Matten, D., and Spence, LJ,'Corporate Social Responsibility: Readings and Cases in a Global Context,2, pp.3-26 Dagiliene, L., 2015. The research of corporate social responsibility disclosures in annual reports.Engineering Economics,21(2). de Grosbois, D., 2012. Corporate social responsibility reporting by the global hotel industry: Commitment, initiatives and performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(3), pp.896-905 Dhaliwal, D.S., Radhakrishnan, S., Tsang, A. and Yang, Y.G., 2012. Nonfinancial disclosure and analyst forecast accuracy: International evidence on corporate social responsibility disclosure.The Accounting Review,87(3), pp.723-759 Dubois, C.L. and Dubois, D.A., 2012. Strategic HRM as social design for environmental sustainability in organization.Human Resource Management,51(6), pp.799-826 Ehnert, I. and Harry, W., 2012. Recent developments and future prospects on sustainable human resource management: introduction to the special issue.Management revue, pp.221-238 Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014.Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Fernandez-Feijoo, B., Romero, S. and Ruiz, S., 2014. Effect of stakeholders pressure on transparency of sustainability reports within the GRI framework.Journal of Business Ethics,122(1), pp.53-63 Fujixerox.com. 2016. Report - PDF Download : About Fuji Xerox : FUJI XEROX. Available at: https://www.fujixerox.com/eng/company/sr/2015/booklet.html [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016]. fxasustainability.com 2016. Available at: https://www.fxasustainability.com.au/2014/report.php [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016]. Ganescu, M.C., 2012. Corporate social responsibility, a strategy to create and consolidate sustainable businesses.Theoretical and Applied Economics,11(11), p.91 Hahn, R. and Khnen, M., 2013. Determinants of sustainability reporting: a review of results, trends, theory, and opportunities in an expanding field of research.Journal of Cleaner Production,59, pp.5-21. Hk, T., Moldan, B. and Dahl, A.L. eds., 2012.Sustainability indicators: a scientific assessment(Vol. 67). Island Press. Ioannou, I. and Serafeim, G., 2014. The consequences of mandatory corporate sustainability reporting: evidence from four countries.Harvard Business School Research Working Paper, (11-100). Jensen, J.C. and Berg, N., 2012. Determinants of traditional sustainability reporting versus integrated reporting. An institutionalist approach.Business Strategy and the Environment,21(5), pp.299-316. Joung, C.B., Carrell, J., Sarkar, P. and Feng, S.C., 2013. Categorization of indicators for sustainable manufacturing.Ecological Indicators,24, pp.148-157. Junior, R.M., Best, P.J. and Cotter, J., 2014. Sustainability reporting and assurance: a historical analysis on a world-wide phenomenon.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.1-11 Kiron, D., Kruschwitz, N., Haanaes, K. and Velken, I.V.S., 2012. Sustainability nears a tipping point.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(2), p.69. Lee, K.H. and Saen, R.F., 2012. Measuring corporate sustainability management: A data envelopment analysis approach.International Journal of Production Economics,140(1), pp.219-226. Manetti, G. and Toccafondi, S., 2012. The role of stakeholders in sustainability reporting assurance.Journal of Business Ethics,107(3), pp.363-377. Marimon, F., del Mar Alonso-Almeida, M., del Pilar Rodrguez, M. and Alejandro, K.A.C., 2012. The worldwide diffusion of the global reporting initiative: what is the point?.Journal of Cleaner Production,33, pp.132-144. Milne, M.J. and Gray, R., 2013. W (h) ither ecology? The triple bottom line, the global reporting initiative, and corporate sustainability reporting.Journal of business ethics,118(1), pp.13-29. Prez, A. and Del Bosque, I.R., 2012. The role of CSR in the corporate identity of banking service providers.Journal of Business Ethics,108(2), pp.145-166. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), pp.95-119. Slack, K., 2012. Mission impossible?: Adopting a CSR-based business model for extractive industries in developing countries.Resources Policy,37(2), pp.179-184. Smith, P.A., 2012. The importance of organizational learning for organizational sustainability.The Learning Organization,19(1), pp.4-10. wesresources.com, 2016. wesresources.com. www.wesresources.com.au/sustainability_report_2014/. Available at: https://www.wesresources.com.au/sustainability_report_2014/ [Accessed 7 Oct. 2016] Willard, B., 2012.The new sustainability advantage: seven business case benefits of a triple bottom line. New Society Publishers.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Bilingualism Essay Example For Students

Bilingualism Essay The 14th Amendment in the United States Constitution dictates that any citizen of the United States shall receive the equal protection of civil rights, with due process of the law and cannot be discriminated against based upon race, origin, sex, class or political affiliation. Thus, educational policy in the United States is focused on providing the equal opportunities for all students. One heated debate in American education policy making is the use of bilingual education in public schools. Because there is a growing number of students (especially those in grade school) whose home language is not English, major literacy and learning disparities are created when non-english speaking students enroll in public schools that teach in English only. Students with limited English proficiency will have to work harder to achieve the same level of other students whose home language is English. Bilingual education is a program designed to alleviate the educational inequalities and disparities c aused by present educational system. The focus of bilingual education is to guarantee that these students:1. Learn the basic subjects (math, science, reading, social studies) in their home language from the time they enter school. The advantage of teaching students with limited English proficiency the basic subjects in their home language is that they will promote their academic progress while learning the English language. 2. Learn to read and write in the home language first, then eventually in English. Initial literacy skills are developed in the home language, and once the student is orally capable in English, literacy skills will continue in both languages. The misconception is that the student will have to learn to read all over again when studying English. This is wrong because when English is presented to the students, they will transfer the literacy skills gained from home language reading to English reading. 3. Begin learning English from the time they enter school. The de velopment of oral English skills first and then the development of English literacy skills Contrary to conservative belief, the learning of the English language is one of the primary goals of bilingual education. (http://www.edb.utexas.edu/coe/depts/CI/bilingue/be-def.html)Bilingual education and due process came under watch with the Supreme Court case of Lau vs. Nichols in 1973 in the city of San Francisco. According to San Franciscos state statute, one of the major goals of the school system is the proficiency of English for all students. However, the school system did not offer and ESL or remedial English class for 1,800 Chinese pupils. The pupils claimed that the school board was in violation of the equal protection clause in the 14th Amendment and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Title VI states that any person/group who are recipients of federal aid cannot discriminate against a person based on race, color, origin or class. (Zirkel, 115) The court decided that the fai lure to have remedial English classes for these 1800 Chinese students did violate Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. However, the court did not agree if the San Francisco school board was in violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment but acknowledged that the lack of remedial English educational did hamper the educational opportunities for these Chinese students. The court also could not decide if bilingual educational is the solution for the learning disparities and inequalities.The inability of the Supreme Court to decide on the effectiveness of bilingual education left much room to debate in the American political landscape. Traditionally, politically organized ethnic groups have contributed greatly to the Democrat party. Republicans and other conservatives feel threatened by the increase power and voice of these groups. Thus, Republicans attacks the usefulness of Bilingual education and declares it unconstitutional. Actually, some republican members jo ined together and organized against bilingual education and the implementation of English as the official language of the United States. (Spring, 43) Making English the official language of the United States would only benefit those in power, majority culture will continue to maintain the current social order thus weakening ethnic politics. (Spring, 43)Bibliography:Bibliography1. Spring, Joel. Conflict of Interests: The Politics of American Education. .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc , .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc .postImageUrl , .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc , .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc:hover , .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc:visited , .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc:active { border:0!important; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc:active , .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u275a0ba9f5a956fc44882f38968bffdc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Christmas Time at My Grandmother's House Essay 2. Zirkel, Perry A. A digest of supreme court decisions affecting education3. http://www.ncbe.gwu.edu/library/reports.htm) 4. (http://www.ncbe.gwu.edu/ncbepubs/resource/effectiveness/index.htm#Download)5. http://www.edb.utexas.edu/coe/depts/CI/bilingue/be-def.html)